Regulatory Compliance / Climate & Sustainability

Spend-Based vs. Activity-Based vs. Supplier-Specific: The Three Ways Manufacturers Calculate PCF — and Which Ones Actually Pass Audits

Most manufacturers choose a PCF calculation method based on what data they have — not what auditors actually require. This blog breaks down the three methods manufacturers use most: spend-based, activity-based, and supplier-specific. It covers what each method measures, what data it needs, where it holds up under audit, and where it fails. If your PCF reports need to pass customer review, ISO 14067 verification, or PACT-aligned procurement checks, understanding the difference between these methods is not optional — it is the foundation of credible Scope 3 Category 1 reporting.

06 MAR 2026
8 MIN READ
Charlotte Anne Whitmore

PCF Methodology & Compliance

Cradle-to-Gate vs. Cradle-to-Grave: Manufacturers Are Choosing the Wrong PCF Boundary — and It's Costing Them Compliance

Most PCF errors don't start with bad data — they start with the wrong boundary. Choosing between cradle-to-gate and cradle-to-grave isn't a formatting decision; it's the foundational methodological choice that determines whether your carbon report is compliant, usable, and defensible. This blog breaks down exactly when each boundary applies, what ISO 14067 and the GHG Protocol require, and what happens at the compliance, commercial, and strategic level when the boundary doesn't match the product.

04 MAR 2026
11 MIN READ
Charlotte Anne Whitmore